【政治英文】How Russia Became Ruled By Corruption And Vladimir Putin

How Russia Became Ruled By Corruption And Vladimir Putin

文章引言：
Should you ever find yourself leading an army and your plan involves an invasion of Russia that could stretch into the winter, conventional wisdom says it will be the end of your campaign. For over a thousand years, no one who tried to conquer Russia has succeeded. Even the Mongol hordes grew frustrated and retreated after more than two centuries of raids. French and Nazi armies quite literally froze to death, unable to pierce the Russian blockades as they were forced to march back through terrain scoured of anything they may have found useful for survival.




文章概要：

天阿，除了這一篇好長好長，我對於國際情勢較不擅長，無法完整講述這個故事。
大致上是在講述俄羅斯的貪腐政治與普丁的崛起。

單字頗析：
  • corruption (n.)墮落；腐化；貪汙；賄賂
  • reservists (n.)後備役軍人
  • satellite (n.) 衛星
  • implosion (n.)向內爆炸；向內破裂
  • formidable (n.)可怕的，令人畏懼的
  • ceasefire (n.)停火；休戰期
  • arsenal (n.)軍械庫；兵工廠
  • manifest (adj)顯然的，明白的，清楚的 (v.)證明，證實
  • paranoid (adj)偏執狂的
  • kleptocracy / kleptocratic (n.)/(adj.)盜賊統治/盜賊統治的
  • static (adj.)靜止的；停滯的
  • whiplash (n.)鞭打；打擊
  • malaise (n.)不舒服；抑鬱
  • avaricious (adj.) 貪婪的，貪得無厭的
  • dissident (n.)/(adj.) 意見不同的；不贊成的人/ 意見不同的；不贊成的
  • hyperinflation (n.)極度通貨膨脹，超通貨膨脹
  • Oligarch (n.)寡頭政治執政者
  • flock (v.)群集
  • bureaucrat (n.) 官僚；官僚主義者
  • benefactor (n.)捐助人；施主；恩人[C]
  • dole (n.)賑濟物，施捨物
  • dispatched (v.)派遣；發送；快遞[（+to）]
  • bribe (n.)賄賂；行賄物，誘餌/ (v.)向……行賄；收買[（+with/into）][O2]
  • consolidating (v.)合併，聯合，統一
  • outright (adv.)全部地；徹底地
  • egregious (adj)非常的；震驚的；極壞的；太過份的
  • extort (v.) 敲詐；勒索
  • shackle (n.)腳鐐；手銬
  • disgruntled (adj.)不滿的; 不高興的
  • coup (n.)砰然的一擊
  • despair (n.)絕望
  • satirical (adj.)愛挖苦人的；寫諷刺文章的
  • subordinate (n.)部下，部屬；下級職員
  • unruly (adj.)難駕馭的，任性的，不守規矩的
  • skepticism (n.) 懷疑論者
  • auctions (n.)拍賣
  • consolidated (adj.) 鞏固的
  • prudent (adj.)審慎的，小心的
  • mull (v.)深思熟慮/(n.)亂糟糟；混亂
  • conspiracy (n.)陰謀；謀叛；共謀 [+to-v]
  • undermine (v.)暗中破壞；逐漸損害
  • sanction (n.) 制裁
  • annex (v.)併吞，強佔


片語頗析：
  • shell-shocked 非常震驚的，極度驚恐的
  • rub out 抹去
  • invade on a whim
  • glaring shortfall 明顯不足


經典佳句：
  • Slowly but surely, Russia institutionalized bribery, racketeering, and fraud, with the largest spoils going to the most senior officials.

個人心得：

（週末補）


文章出處：
Article Link : How Russia Became Ruled By Corruption And Vladimir Putin
Article Author : Greg Fish

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